Notable Codices

Codex Argenteus (The Silver Bible), 6th c translation of the Bible into the Gothic language.

Codex Amiatinus, 8th c, the earliest surviving manuscript of the nearly complete Bible (Latin Vulgate).

Codex Abrogans, 8th c glossary from Latin into Old High German

Codex Augiensis, 9th c manuscript of the Pauline Epistles in double parallel columns of Greek and Latin.

The Leningrad Codex (1008) is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew.

Codex Calixtinus, 12th c advice for pilgrims following the Way of St James.

Codex Cumanicus (12th c)

Wiesbaden Codex (ca. 1200), containing the collected works of Hildegard of Bingen. It is a giant codex, weighing 15 kg. A lingua ignota, one of the earliest known constructed languages, is described in it.

In Lebor Ogaim (The book of Ogams) (1390) is an Old Irish treatise on the ogham alphabet.

Flateyjarbók  (Flatey Book), 14th c. The sagas of the Norse kings are compiled in this Icelandic manuscript.

Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Little Book of the Medicinal Herbs of the Indians), translated by Juan Badiano from a Nahuatl original (1552). It is a book describing herbal remedies used by the Aztecs.

Visigothic Churches in Spain

Church of San Juan Bautista (Baños de Cerrato. Province of Palencia) (661 AD)

Church of Santa Comba (Bande, province of Orense) (7th c)

Church of San Pedro de la Nave (Province of Zamora) (c. 680 AD)

Crypt of San Antolín (Cathedral of Palencia) (7th c)

Baptistery of San Miguel de Tarrasa (Barcelona) (7th c)

Church of Santa María de Melque (Province of Toledo) (c. 668-729 AD)

Hermitage of Santa María (Quintanilla de las Viñas, province of Burgos) (7th c)

Church of San Pedro de la Mata (Sonseca, province of Toledo)

Santa Lucía del Trampal (Province of Caceres)

50 Books You Should Read

Le Grand Meaulnes (The Lost Domain) by Alain-Fournier

The Trial by Franz Kafka

The Man Without Qualities by Robert Musil

Le Père Goriot by Honoré de Balzac

Lost Illusions by Honoré de Balzac

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë

A Study in Scarlet by Arthur Conan Doyle

A Set of Six by Joseph Conrad

The Moonstone by Wilkie Collins

Treasure Island by Robert L. Stevenson

Kidnapped & Catriona by Robert L. Stevenson

The Master of Ballantrae by Robert L. Stevenson

Shirley by Charlotte Brontë

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

Emma by Jane Austen

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll

The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift

Stories by Augusto Monterroso

Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter by Mario Vargas Llosa

Ficciones by Jorge Luis Borges

Mister President by Miguel Ángel Asturias

War of Time by Alejo Carpentier

A World for Julius by Alfredo Bryce Echenique

Against the Grain by Joris-Karl Huysmans

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

Letters from my Windmill by Alphonse Daudet

Odes by John Keats

Dead Souls by Nikolai Gogol

Swann’s Way by Marcel Proust

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

Bleak House by Charles Dickens

David Copperfield by Charles Dickens

Tom Jones by Henry Fielding

The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Childhood, Boyhood and Youth by Leo Tolstoy

Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy

Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart by Chrétien de Troyes

Lais by Marie de France

The Heptameron by Marguerite of Navarre

The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri

Metamorphoses by Ovid

Life is a Dream by Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Disdain with Disdain by Agustín Moreto

Hamlet by William Shakespeare

Macbeth by William Shakespeare

The Odyssey by Homer

The Iliad by Homer

Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes

9 Great Autobiographies

Leo Tolstoy, Childhood, Boyhood and Youth (1852, 1854, 1856)

Benvenuto Cellini, Vita (1558-1563)

Catalina de Erauso, Lieutenant Nun (1626)


Peter Abelard, Historia calamitatum

Mohamed Choukri, For Bread Alone (1973)


St Augustine, Confessions (397- 398)

Alonso de Contreras, The Adventures of Captain Alonso De Contreras: A 17th Century Journey.

Diego Duque de Estrada, Memoirs of Diego Duque de Estrada

Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
 

6 Diaries and a Notebook

Salvador Dalí, Diary of a Genius.

Hélène Berr, Journal, 1942–1944.http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4314100213811714462#editor/target=post;postID=8782684108804132007

Henri Frédéric Amiel, Journal.
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8545

Grace Dalrymple Elliott, Journal of my Life during the French Revolution.

The Early Diary of Frances Burney, 1768-1778.

The Log of Christopher Columbus, First Voyage to America in 1492.

L. Da Vinci, Leonardo's Kitchen Notebook.
http://amzn.to/olh9sz

7 GREAT HISPANIC NOVELS

Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, Mario Vargas Llosa

The world of radio drama and an unusual loving relationship are two of the cornerstones of this novel. Its flexible structure is open to interpolated funny stories. Based on the author's real life experience, this novel combines a picture of Lima in the 1950s, and an examination of both the practical and creative aspects of writing.

The Vortex, José Eustasio Rivera

Trying to escape their problems, Arturo Cova and his mistress Alicia venture into the Colombian jungle. They start an initiation trip through the virgin rainforest, a hostile milieu masterfully depicted in the novel. The author had taken part in an expedition that denounced violence against Indians in rubber exploitation.

El señor Presidente (Mister President), Miguel Ángel Asturias

The echoes of the first European avant-garde can be seen in the narrative techniques employed in this novel, in which a dictatorship continues its grip on Guatemala through violence and cruelty.  A love story provides a counterweight to human degradation, while a whole country wonders what the next step is.

The Kingdom of this World, Alejo Carpentier

The slave rebellion in Haiti and mentalities in contrast are the subjects of this novel, whose baroque prose is one of the greatest achievements of the Latin American novel. The presence of Voodoo and the circularity of time help shape this narrative.

Pedro Páramo, Juan Rulfo

At the beginning of this book, two characters move along a dreamlike landscape. It is a symbolic, invented place, a peculiar hell where shadows of the dead feed on old feelings and hate. Later the reader realizes that they are only some of the sleepless ghosts that live in Comala.

Broad and Alien is the World, Ciro Alegría

Peruvian Indian groups are deprived of their lands and natural wealth, with the acquiescence of the authorities and the passivity and idleness of a local scholar. Classical narrative techniques are used in this book that focuses on the dehumanization of life.

A World for Julius, Alfredo Bryce Echenique

The lives and doings of an influential, aristocratic Peruvian family are the starting point of a novel of satire and social criticism. The author shows Julius’s expanding world and the decline of his family. A warm, tender and incisive portrait.

Lost Illusions

Honoré de Balzac wrote Lost Illusions (Les illusions perdues) between 1837 and 1843. The novel is divided into three parts; in the first one, entitled "The Two Poets", the main character – young Lucien - is introduced in his milieu, a dreary provincial town. In Angoulême, Lucien and his friend David inspire each other to pursue their dreams; David feels more engaged with science, while Lucien decides to become a writer. The society into which he is introduced is led by Madame de Bargeton, a lady who encourages him to pursue a literary career.

Although the hero boasts of his noble origins (changing his name to Rubempré), he represents an impoverished class; Lucien is anxious to recover lost ground by bringing his artistic talent to bear. The will to succeed as a writer in Paris will lead him to go beyond moral bounds to improve his social status. Furthermore, his family is ready to sacrifice everything for Lucien, in whom they have blind faith. Eve and David - his sister and brother-in-law - are very much guided by Lucien’s fantasies, as they want to see him succeed in the task he has taken on.

In Part II (“Un Grand Homme de Province à Paris”), these hopes fade away as Lucien has a first taste of parisian life. His musings about his needs and problems touch on topic of falsehood in human relations: it is a hard lesson for Lucien. Despite all of this, he continues his efforts. He sinks deeper, as he frequents bad company. In a contrast very close to melodrama, actress Coralie represents the fallen woman, while Eve is depicted as an angel.

Journalism, and especially, Parisian Bohemianism are well depicted in the novel; among the intellectuals, D’Arthez is not a fame seeker, but he strives to produce quality work. As for journalism, it is addressed in a very critical way. Intellectuals and writers gather at an unforgettable local tavern, and the depictions of customs of librarians and printers at that time are also very interesting as well. Furthermore, David runs a print shop at Angoulême, so it provides greater details. The last part of the book, entitled “The Travails of an Inventor”, focuses on David’s problems to make his business thrive.

Despite all hope, wasted effort increases Lucien’s moral decay. Sand castle crumbles before his eyes and Lucien plunges into despair. The lives and doings of Balzac’s characters continue in other books: the outcome of the story can be found in The Splendors and Miseries of Courtesans (Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes), written between 1838 and 1846.